What Is An Online Database - 1081 Words

What is an online database? A database is a collection of information that is organised so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. Databases can contain several types of content: bibliographics, full-text, numeric, and images (s1). This is most commonly done in a table because of its easy to read data, it ability to compare and find data. An online database is a database that is accessed from a network, the most common example of this is on the internet, and unlike if it were a local database held on a computer only connected to an internal network or a computer (s2) How to implement an App Inventor 2 Database In App inventor there are two components that allow the programmer to add a database functionality these are†¦show more content†¦After installing it, the launcher needs to be run †¢ A server will need to be downloaded a run called customtinywebdb †¢ This will allow users to connect to it over a local network as a local host †¢ If I wish I can add a capacity for it to be port forwarded by using a hosting service, hosting it across the internet ourselves or using a networking tool to allow people on the network to connect (s5) TinyDB also use Online database risks and costs Firstly to use an online database a computer will be required, and one that is almost permanently turned on. Some databases require redundant computers as a backup, the laptop booking program does not require this because if it crashes it will only stop people from booking out laptops as opposed to programs that manage money or government data, it does not have to be extensively reliable. The program can also be run on the cloud for a small charge that will be more reliable, does not require a dedicated system and will have better security. A dedicated computer is not important however if one is needed then it will probably come at a very cheap price as running a database does not require much power. As previously mentioned while this program does not require the highest reliability, it does require security, this will likely come in the form of a password that will be changed periodically, probably every six months or annually. There will also have to be internet security measures and while it will not allow the hacker to takeShow MoreRelatedDatabase In The Real-world850 Words   |  3 Pagesand innovations. One of important role in computer technology is a database. Although database is not as popular as web application in computer technology innovations, it determines whether such application system is good or not. Database is ‘a shared collection of logically related data and its description, designed to meet the information needs of an organization’ (Connolly Begg 2010, p. 65). Some organizations have their databases to be accessed via networking system. We are able to interact withRead MoreDifferent Types of Databases Essay578 Words   |  3 Pagestypes of d atabases, different performances of databases, and different database software functions. Before we get to much into databases lets take a step back and think about what a database really is and how they are applied. A database is a software program arranged to collect hold and process information. There are quite a bit of software programs out there already that can allow you to do all this. However, what makes databases different is that once you enter information in to, the database willRead MoreCommon Components Of Digital Database Management Applications1022 Words   |  5 Pages A DBMS can also provide many perspectives of a single database schema. A perspective characterizes what information the client sees and how that client sees the information. The DBMS gives a level of reflection between the reasonable diagram which characterizes the legitimate structure of the database and the physical construction that portrays the records, files and other physical instruments utilized by the database. At the point when a DBMS is utilized, frameworks can be adjusted all the moreRead MoreWhat A Nosql ( Not Only Sql ) Database And Document Database Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesResources 2 2. Body of Discussion 2 2.1 What are NoSQL Databases 2 2.2 CAP 2 2.3 Base 3 2.4 Polygot Persistence 3 2.5 MongoDB 4 Conclusion 4 References 4 â€Æ' 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this report will be to understand what a NoSQL (Not Only SQL) database and document database is, specifically MongoDB while looking at the document database. 1.2 Background According to (Edlich, P. 2015) he states that â€Å"The original intention has been modern web-scale databases. The movement began early 2009Read MoreGoffman s Theory Of Self And Effective Medium For Mass Communication1437 Words   |  6 Pagespresent in the databases (Singh, 2002). According to recent estimates, the deep internet is predicted to have hundreds of times more data than that of the easily accessible websites or surface Web (â€Å"White Paper: The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value†, 2001). This paper will describe as to how the deep internet works and what kind of tactics internet users are using to find the data from deep internet lately. The deep internet allows the users to reevaluate the accessible databases based on theirRead MoreThe Importance Of Managing Big Data823 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication to the data received from field operation such as phone calls, canvassing. There are various sources from which campaigns can collect valuable data, one of them is from the official voters file from the voter database maintained by Secretaries of state(cbsnews.com). This database is publically available. The official voter file contains information like, voter’s personal information such as the date of birth, gender. This information is often used in calculating the predictive scores. The fileRead MoreQuestions On Batch Processing And Online Processing1325 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the difference between batch processing and online processing. A. Batch Processing Online Processing 1. In this processing method all tasks are performed as a batch. Means all transactions are grouped and executed at one time. 2. Here in this type of processing records or reports of those transactions are available after processing the batch only. 3. All records are updated into master databases after batch processing. Before processing we will notRead MoreShopping Cart System Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesOnline purchasing is not entirely a new concept to grasp. It has been lingering in the background ever since the Internet was commercially available to the public. Many companies have utilized the Internet as a channel for fashion retail marketing (Murphy, 1998), such retailers as Gap clothing. 1.1 Use of Shopping Cart system Shopping Cart System is the Simple shopping Solution. It s a full-featured website and shopping cart system that bends over backwards to give you the flexibility you need toRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction EBay Inc is a worldwide online retailer and auction industry that operates a web-based marketplace for all individuals to buy or sell anything online. EBay operates a consumer to consumer (C2C) platform in its business model where it allows individuals to communicate with each other interactively. EBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technologyRead MoreDatabase Management System And Growth Of Internet1670 Words   |  7 Pages Database Management System and the growth of Internet I. Executive Summary A. Database management system B. Growth of Internet II. Background A. Database 1. History 2. Creation of database 3. Development 4. Today’s market place B. Internet 1. History 2. Growth of Internet 3. Market position 4. Customers C. Situations 1. Cost Structure 2. Development III. Problems A. Causes B. Nature C. Consequences IV. Solution A. Demand B. Innovation V. Conclusion Database Management system

Application Of The Library Management System - 1395 Words

Abstract-The Library management system is the application software that is developed to make a record of Book purchasing, book searching, book issuing and rent, book returned, catalogs, stock creation, all other fine books, popular and bestsellers and other Library related works. The aim of the project is to make the manual handling of Library system into computerized system which includes all above features. The scope of this software application is to generate the automatic process of manual handling of Library records and to handle the stock as well as book issues related information. Maintaining records of application for estates, the annual system is too complex cumbersome. Since time and resources available we have been proposed to developed an inventory system .All the outset the application requirements were studied and analysis and design were carried out. The development platform and software tool were identified as visual basic 6.0 and access database. Using visual programming, object are manipulated directly and also due to the feature of fast and easy prototyping and GUI building visual basic 6.0 as used. Keywords: GSM, LCD, RS 232, library management system, mobile phone. I. Introduction In library there are various types of books with various authors are available. And to keep track of all of them is bit difficult job. This is system is used to keep a record of them. Also it provides one advanced feature as studentsShow MoreRelatedCloud Computing Is The Best Option For The Libraries Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagesvirtual technologies. Cloud computing enables organizations to solve more complex tasks and services. The application of the cloud platform makes organizations more cost effective and simplify complicated workloads. The development of this technology has brought a dramatic change in every field. The use of the cloud computing in the library system has achieved a significant success. Libraries have also started adopting this technology, which involves delivering hosted service over the web. ManagersRead MoreAndroid1342 Words   |  6 Pagesoperating system revolution in mobile technology Published:  23, March 2015 Android (Operating System) - Revolution in Mobile Technology Abstract Androids mobile operating system is based on the Linux kernel and it is a software stack for mobile devices. This operating system is one of the worlds best-selling Smartphone platform. Android involves many developers writing applications that helps in extended the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 1,50,000 applications availableRead MoreScr Associates Essay848 Words   |  4 Pageswould improve on the grammatical aspects of the site. Finally I would move Shelly Cashmans contact information to the Contact Us Page only. 2. On the SCR intranet, visit data, forms, and resource libraries and review a sample of the information in each library.(Mike Regge) Data Library – The data library is a collection of data produced by the company. It contains: A list of SCR’s positions and the people assigned to them A chart of training records from two months from a sample of students ResultsRead MoreThe Core Of Android Architecture995 Words   |  4 Pages It is the core of Android architecture that forms the foundation of Android. Linux kernel includes hardware drivers, power management, memory management, process management and binder driver, which provides all the fundamental services needed by the system. Although it is called Linux kernel, it is not a standard Linux kernel; Google has customized it for Android devices. The main difference between them is the binder driver, which is an Android-specific inter-process communication mechanism thatRead MoreContinental Airlines Swot Analysis1210 Words   |  5 PagesInformation technology is an emerging form of management and operating technique that is vital to many organizations and institutions. The purpose of information technology and the management of its systems were implemented as a primary task of supporting decision makers with the help of proficient data bases and storage capabilities. Thus, Information Systems are often looked upon as efficient and essential in the commer cial world, especially within the United States. However, a great numberRead MoreChange Management Essay example1644 Words   |  7 PagesChange Management Change management according to many becomes essential for the following reason: external pressure; which can encompass competition, new technology, cost, and regulation changes. Furthermore, economic and social conditions can escalate long-term change necessary. This paper will discuss several aspects of change management models, theories, and application thereof. In addition, it will provide overviews of the drivers of change, factors necessary for to implement change successfullyRead MoreImproving Online Integrating Library System Project Marc Records A Standard Record Formats For Bibliographic Information1177 Words   |  5 Pagesdiverse systems and organizations to work together. LIS professionals exchange of data, records, and messages between computer systems across different hardware, operating systems, and networks. For example, a LIS professional uses an online integrating library system project Marc records a standard record formats for bibliographic information which w as developed to serve library user and staff which is a form of communicating. This system allows these organizations such as the National Libraries, theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Software Language And Tools Used In The Development Of Microsoft Software Technology987 Words   |  4 Pages1 INTRODUCTION TO DOTNET Microsoft .NET is a set of Microsoft software technologies for rapidly building and integrating XML Web services, Microsoft Windows-based applications, and Web solutions. THE .NET FRAMEWORK The .NET Framework has two main parts: 1. The Common Language Runtime (CLR). 2. A hierarchical set of class libraries. 5.2.3 MANAGE CODE MANAGED CODE is a meta data. This provides a guaranteed secure execution and interoperability. 5.2.4 MANAGE DATA With Managed Code comes ManagedRead MoreLinux Based Systems Are Modular Unix Like Oss Build A Large Part Of Its Component1396 Words   |  6 PagesLinux based systems are modular Unix-like OSs build a large part of its component from 1970s and 1980s UNIX principles. They apply a monolithic kernel, commonly identified as the Linux kernel to execute process control, access to peripherals, file system management and networking tasks. Lonix OS drivers are either directly integrated with the kernel or come in as additional modules created while the system is awake. Independent developments with kernel interface improve the functionality and performanceRead MoreLibrary Management System Focuses On Developing A Database For A Library1616 Words   |  7 Pages Library Management system RAVITEJA JAKKA Wilmington University IST-7000 Data Management Olufemi Osinubi Abstract The project Library Management System focuses on developing a database for a Library. The project is to maintain the student history and the availability of books, magazines and journals and also the name and student id for which the specific book is given. This portal helps the students to know the availability of particular book and location. This project helps

Does Ethnic Diversity Portend the Disuniting of America...

Does Ethnic Diversity Portend the Disuniting of America? Whether or not â€Å"The First Universal Nation† of Ben Wattenberg (Buchanan 466) fixes its meaning? Despite it is in law, not all people have the same point-of -view about it in practice. George M. Fredrickson’s â€Å"Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective† and Patrick J. Buchanan’s â€Å"Deconstructing America† essays are typical exemplars. Fredrickson and Buchanan are famous politicians. â€Å"Race in US† is one of popular topics of Fredrickson who used to serve as the â€Å"president of the Organization for American Historians and Stanford University† (Fredrickson 449). Buchanan is â€Å"one of the most influential and outspoken conservative voices in the US†¦ and has campaigned for†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, many people, especially foreigners, immigrants, etc also give their hope for the cultural pluralism which â€Å"is healthy and normal condition that does not preclude equal ri ghts and the mutual understanding about civic responsibilities needed to sustain a democratic nation-state† (Fredrickson 455). While Fredrickson supports for a diversity society, Buchanan rejects it. His assessment seems to be obviously different, as he proclaims: â€Å"If we have no common faith and are divided by morality and cultures, and are separated by ethnicity and race, what holds us together? Especially in light of Putnam’s report that ‘diversity’ dilutes ‘social capital’, erodes community, and engenders mutual mistrust.† (Buchanan 472) Buchanan trembles for America. According to him, since we open our borders in the last forty years to people of all creeds, cultures, countries, and civilizations† (Buchanan 466), we â€Å"threw away† the old and unique culture, religion, tradition, and history (Buchanan 468). Besides, Buchanan agrees with John Jay that American are no longer as â€Å"one united people, one connected country, brethren, of common blood† (Buchanan 467).

Essay Raise the Red Lantern - 1980 Words

Raise the Red Lantern â€Å"All the world’s a stage; all of us are taking the elements of plot, character, and costume and turning into performances of possibilities†(Ward1999: 5) Raise the Red Lantern tells a compelling and sorrowful story of a young woman whose life is destined to be ruined in a male-dominated society. This can be an awakening of some sort to any woman. As Ward states in her text, women learn the rules of our half of the world as well as those of the other half, since we regularly move in and out of the male world. There she defines women’s culture. The term has also been used in its anthropological sense to encompass the familial and friendship networks of women, their affective ties, their rituals. It is†¦show more content†¦The lack of human presence couples with the absence of a wedding reception to create an impersonal atmosphere that prevails throughout the film. Songlian must as Ward mentions in her book, â€Å"swallow such customs as breaking and binding little girl’s feet.† Every evening, a red lantern is lit in front of the courtyard of the wife Chen chooses to sleep with. Contrary to it’s traditional symbolism red is anything but festive. There is no love among the wives only hatred. The relationships between Chen and his wives are purely sexual. Rather than helping each other out and raising their status within the family, the wives are constantly fighting among themselves to win favors from Chen. The wives who live in separate houses must compete for the affections and privileges of the master in accordance with his customs. Jealousy abounds between the wives and the scheming keeps the tensions high. Each night a lantern is lit in favor of whom the master will be with. Shortly afterwards all the lanterns of the wife’s home and courtyard are also lit and the privileges begin. In all human cultures most women marry and bear children regardless of what women personally want to do. Ward states, â€Å"We live our lives against a backdrop of the social structures, rules and expectations from a particular point in history and with in those cultural framework. Through the four wivesShow MoreRelatedDouble Standards of Men and Women in the Raise the Red Lantern699 Words   |  3 Pagesare treated, and this is shown in both Lu Xun and Qiu Jun’s essays as well as in the film set in 1920s China, Raise the Red Lantern. Set the scene: it is China during the 1920s and women do not have a voice. Zoom in to a woman walking into a house that looks like a gray prison-zone. This is her new home. She is the Master’s fourth wife, and her name is Songlian. Raise the Red Lantern is a film that depicts how women were treated as objects instead of as human beings, but also shows how contradictingRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire And Zhang Yimou s Film Raise The Red Lantern1611 Words   |  7 PagesTennessee Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire and Zhang Yimou’s film Raise the Red Lantern both explore the social constraints that have historically been placed on the female gender. Set in 1940s New Orleans and 1920s Northern China respectively, inherent in both texts is an androcentric and patriarchal society that can be observed to impact the protagonists’, Blanche Dubois and Songlian’s, psychological capacities to a substantial extent. Indeed, it can be suggested that thei r behaviours, mindsetsRead MoreAnalysis of Raise the Red Lantern1465 Words   |  4 Pages Yi-Mou Zhang s Raise the Red Lantern, is a beautiful and brilliantly made film in its own right. If, however, the team of Orson Welles and Greg Toland had produced the same film it would take on an entirely different look and feel. The film would reflect Wells love for creating physical representations of thematic metaphors and the long take and Toland s brilliant use of deep space photography and mobile framing. Under the direction of the Wells-Toland team, the film would take on subtle, yetRead MoreRaising The Red Lantern By Zhang Yimou1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1991 Chinese film Raise the Red Lantern, directed by Zhang Yimou, demonstrates power relations within the household in 1920’s upper class Chinese society and uses them to challenge the dominant patriarchal ideologies through a critique of Chinese social culture while also reinforcing the idea that tradition is ultimately the most powerful and thus the relations of power in the household. By culture I am referring to Raymond William’s definition of culture as lived cultures and signifying practicesRead MoreColor Analysis in Raised the Red Lantern Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesColor Emphasis in Raise the Red Lantern Chen Ning (Jenny) Yen 58935107 ASIA 355 Professor Rui Wang 23/11/2012 Scholars and film critiques have often regarded the fifth-generation film Director, Zhang Yi Mou’s films as a visually sensual feast (Zhu 26). The predominant use of the color Red in his highly stylized films: Red Sorghum (1988), Ju Dou and Raise the Red Lantern (1991) are evidence of his trademark visual style thus leading scholars to criticallyRead MoreEssay about Confucianism and Raise the Red1275 Words   |  6 Pagesallowed the family to flourish as a group. In the movie Raise the Red Lantern, many types of customs and rituals were shown. For example, according to the masters tradition, lanterns are lit outside the house of which the master chooses to join for the night. Each night the wives wait to be honored with his presence, bowing in resignation when they arent chosen, often scheming to be noticed next time. The women soon begin to compete for the lanterns. They are jealous of one another and double cross oneRead More Analysis of Red Sorghum Essay4041 Words à ‚  |  17 PagesAnalysis of Red Sorghum WHEN Zhang Yimou made his directorial debut, Zhang Yimou made his directorial debut, Red Sorghum, in 1987, he was better known as a cinematographer whose talent had been crucial to the success of critically acclaimed films like Zhang Junzhaos One and Eight (1984, released 1987) and Chen Kaiges Yellow Earth (1984). Not only did Red Sorghum become a seminal film of the Fifth Generation, it also won the Golden Bear at Berlin in 1988, becoming the first mainland ChineseRead MoreGender Identity : The Raise The Red Lantern And The Wedding Banquet Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages Prof. Jack Gender identity in the Raise the Red Lantern and The Wedding Banquet Raise the Red Lantern (1991) by Yimou Zhang and The Wedding Banquet (1993) by Ang Lee specifically demonstrate perceptions of gender identity through a Chinese narrative. Zhang’s film examines the persecution of women and its harming effects. While Lee aims to create an accepting story of homosexual characters Yet, he progresses in his portray of women. This paper will examine the issues of genderRead MoreThe Status of Women in China As Explained in Two Essays and A Film1088 Words   |  5 Pagesto please their men, and, most importantly, to please their society. There are a series of double standards and contradictions to how men and women are treated, and this is shown in both Lu Xun and Qiu Jun’s essays as well as in the film, Raise the Red Lantern. Set the scene: it is China during the 1920s and women do not have a voice. Zoom in to a woman walking into a house that looks like a gray prison-zone. This is her new home. She is the Master’s fourth wife, and her name is Songlian. In theRead More Chinese Culture Essay example814 Words   |  4 Pagesthought better of if you produced a son. This shows the male dominance in Chinese culture. Once a son was born the expectations for him were great. He was supposed to learn all great literature and be very scholarly (2). A girl, also was supposed to be raise to appreciate art and literature. Most of all though children were supposed to respect tradition. The traditions gave one a feeling of not the individual but the whole as a group. People grew up knowing their part in the world and strive to do that

The Backgrounds of Thami and Mr. M Free Essays

As a young individual, Thiamin was not able to see how his education was so structured and influenced by the government. However, as time progresses, Thiamin cannot appreciate the education, for the people that control what is taught in the schools also force him to live through the horrendous conditions of apartheid. He admits that his education is a political reality in his life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Backgrounds of Thami and Mr. M or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of the novel, Thiamin is faced with a very difficult decision. He ultimately decides to escape the nation because he knows he cannot join the mob and the violence of the people that killed Mr.. M. Thiamin wants change in South Africa. He realizes that the best way to accomplish this goal is to start over in a new place. Standing around in the same township accomplishes nothing, and Thiamin realizes this is not the proper method to bringing about change. Mr.. M has suppressed Thiamin in a tiny environment for all these years, and he finally feels the need to break out and let his voice be heard. Mr.. M grew up in a time where apartheid was not present. He had basic freedoms and he was not treated so harshly as the colored are treated in the apartheid period. Mr.. M turns a blind eye to the problems that are present in South Africa. He still believes that modern day South Africa is the same as it was many years ago. It is hard for Mr.. M to fathom the struggle of the colored people in South Africa because everything was integrated when he was a child. This makes it very difficult for Mr.. M, for over a short period of time he was stripped of his basic freedoms. Mr.. M believes that true change lies in the hands of the children, for they are the ones that have a future possibility of sparking change in society. Contrary to Team’s belief that education is a politically based system, Mr.. M sees education as a chance to transform his dents into fighters. He wants to give his students inspiration and motive to rebel and question the system of apartheid. Mr.. M also favors education because he is lonely and depressed. Mr.. M deeply values the relationships that he creates with Isabel and Thiamin. It does not seem as if Mr.. M has a significant other in his life. It is strange that he holds such a personal bond with Isabel and Thiamin, and he continues to push them to be active members Of the team so he can spend time with them. He turns Thiamin into the authorities in hopes that it will cause him to return to school. How to cite The Backgrounds of Thami and Mr. M, Papers

The Atlantic World free essay sample

During 1492-1750, Africa and the Americas underwent many social and economic changes due to contact among others in the Atlantic World, but Europe, who also played a big part, remained constant. Africans native male population was reduced due to the slave trade, but their economy was growing because of the goods attained from the Europeans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Atlantic World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Americas lost many native inhabitants, while many Europeans and African males settled in the colonies. The economy in the Americas was poor because they had to send whatever they made back to Europe.Europe on the other hand, did not change as much socially or economically. Europeans lost some population due to diseases gained from the Americas but was quickly balanced by the use of potatoes. Their economy was kept in balance because of what they obtained from the Americas and Africa. Africans native male population was reduced due to the slave trade, but their economy was growing because of the goods attained from the Europeans. The Europeans traded goods for slave males in order to bring them to the Americas to work in plantations.The slave trade caused a large drop in African population due to the many slaves being traded. But because of the trade, Africa obtained many goods, and were able to improve their economy, even though they got less than what they could have earned. The Americas lost many native populations due to diseases like small pox introduced to them by Europeans. The disease killed nearly ninety percent of the population. Though the Americas lost most of their native population, Europeans and African males moved into the Americas from their homelands.The Europeans usually made the African males work for them in plantations to grow cash crops to send back to Europe. The Europeans practiced mercantilism, which meant the Americas had to send whatever they made back to Europe. Europe can then sell their products back to the Americas for a higher price. Mercantilism caused many people in the Americas to be in debt. Europe on the other hand, did not change as much socially or economically. Europeans lost some of their population due to diseases gained from the Americas like syphilis, but was quickly balanced by the use of tosses. The potatoes created more food for people in Europe, causing people to be able to sustain larger families. So the effects of syphilis did not decrease Rupees population as much as the potato did increasing Rupees population. Their economy was kept in balance because of what they obtained from the Americas and Africa. They gained items from the Americas for which they could ever sell back to the Americas or trade to Africa. Europe controlled most of the trade in the Atlantic World allowing them to keep their already stable economy.

Employees or Independent Contractor-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Give Veronica legal advice in relation to the situations. 2.Advise Mary as to her legal position, citing relevant statuteand Case Law. Answers: 1.Issue: The issues that would arise in the given case based on the facts of the case are: Whether there is a vicarious liability on Veronica for the act of Sylvester? Whether there is a vicarious liability on Veronica for the act of Bob? Rules of Law: To answer the question whether there was a liability that existed we have to observe whether the Sylvester and Bob were employees or independent contractor ("Difference between employees and contractors", 2017). In the case of Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd the liability of the defendant depended on if the relationship between the parties was that of individual contract or employer and employee (Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd, 1924). The written contract between the parties had regular hours of work, fixed employment period, the place of work was dictated, service demands exclusivity, summary dismissal right for breach of instruction, there was dominant, detailed and continuous control on each and every point. These factors led to the decision that the band was an employee (Burnett, 2007). The stress was laid on the level of control that was placed or the control test for determining if the band was a n employee however, there were other factors as well that were considered. In the case of Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd (1955) the factors which were considered by the High Court for defining the relationship between Zuijs and circus was that the remuneration was given in wage form, summary dismissal could be done based on misconduct, although there was no direct control that the circus had over the performance of Zuijs act since they did not have the required expertise there was directions given for the other aspects (Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd, 1955). These factors were considered to amount to employment, it was reasoned by High Court that though the performance of duties depended on special knowledge or skill or the act of the employee maybe such that there is little room for command that existed, this however, was not the point what mattered was the lawful authority for commanding and so far as there is scope to do the same. This case is the authority for the principle that it is n ot the actual control but the right to control which is essential. To answer the question of liability we have to look through the concept of vicarious liability, there is vicarious liability on the employer for the act of the employee or any omission if the same is done during the course of his employment. As opined in the case of Llyod v Grace Smith the general rule for liability is that the employer is liable for the fraud and dishonest conduct or omission of the employee if such an act was done within the employee course of employment (Llyod v Grace Smith, 1912). In the case of New South Wales v Lepore (Thomson, 2012) it was opined by Gleeson CJ that (New South Wales v Lepore, 2003): Not everything that an employee does at work, or during working hours, is sufficiently connected with the duties and responsibilities of the employee to be regarded as within the scope of the employment. And the fact that wrongdoing occurs away from the workplace, or outside normal working hours, is not conclusive against liability. In the case of Ffrench v Sestili a useful analysis of this test has been made where the employee had misappropriated the funds during the course of his employment (Ffrench v Sestili, 2007). The Full Court Supreme Courts decision, Debelle HJ in concurrence with Layton HJ and Sulan HJ contained a useful distillation of the principles from the case law with respect to the vicarious liability doctrine. There were two propositions that were cited by Debelle which were relevant, first the fact that it was intentionally that the employee had engaged in a conduct that was criminal or other breach of law may not be sufficient for denying vicarious liability and second the fact that such conduct which was engaged by the employee was contrary to the instructions that the employer had given was not sufficient for denying the vicarious liability. With respect to personal liability in a business structure of a sole trader there is personal liability on the owner of the business structure with respect to every aspect of the business ("Sole trader", 2017). There is a personal liability for all aspects of the business which includes an business liabilities or debts. There cannot be any sharing of this debts. For all aspects of running the business there is a personal liability (Adams, 2015 p. 78). Application of Law Veronica and Sylvester, there will be a personal liability on Veronica for the acts of Sylvester. It can be observed as in the case of As observed in the case of Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd applying the control test and Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd that though the performance of duties depended on special knowledge or skill or the act of the employee maybe such that there is little room for command that existed, this however, was not the point what mattered was the lawful authority for commanding and so far as there is scope to do the same thus Sylvester is an employee and not an individual contractor. There will be a vicarious liability on Veronica for the act Sylvester as opined in the case of Llyod v Grace Smith since it was in his scope of employment. Further as in the case of New South Wales v Lepore it does not matter if it was not in the workplace that the act occurred. Further in the case of Ffrench v Sestili the liability would not be removed only because the act was not in sphere of employment or the fact that it was not instructed by the employee. Thus being a sole trader she will be personally liable for the act of Sylvester. Veronica and Bob, although similar to Sylvester Bob is was also an employee however he had been fired by Veronica thus as per the Llyod v Grace the act was not within the course of his employment as he was no longer the employee of Veronica Conclusion Veronica being a sole trader and employer would be vicariously liable for the act of Sylvester but not for the act Bob. 2.Issues The issue is in the given situation that: Whether there is a payment liability on the partnership for the payment to Mary for the purchase of surveying instruments? Whether there is payment liability on the partnership for the payment to Mary for the purchase of mini oil drillers? Rules of Law For answering of issue with respect to the existence of payment liability it is essential to under the nature of transaction which there between the parties. The section 5 of the Partnership Act (Cth,) states that the partners of a firm are its agents and they are also for the purposes of carrying out the business the other partners agents, this business is required to be in the ususal way, and it is a member partner who has undertaken such an act, then in that case the partners and the firm shall be bound by such an act. Unless, an evidence is there for the fact that there was no authority that the partner who was acting on the behalf of the firm had for acting in such manner and the individual with whom the transaction was made was either aware of it or if not aware did not believe that there was such authority that existed. There exists between the firms partners a fiduciary relationship, there is a duty that a partner owes towards the other firms partners when he is action on the behalf of the firm as its agent and their exists a duty similarly for the partners which they owe towards the partners who is acting on behalf of the firm as was opined in the case of (Phillips-Higgins v Harper, 1954). For the firm to be held liable for an act which is done by one of its partners without any authority for doing such an act in the manner that it has been done it is required that there should be four requirements that need to be complied with as mentioned below (Fletcher Fletcher, 2007, p 110): First: The transaction should be entered by a partner. Second: It is within the businesss scope that the transaction or act should be done. Third: It must be within the usual way that it is effected. Fourth Requirement: Essential that the transacting party is unaware of the fact that the partner transacting has not authority or believes or knows that such authority is is not there. In the case of National Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd. v Batty it was opined by the High Court that the remaining partners would still be held liable for an act even if it had been done by the partner without the partner having any actual authority of doing such an act (National Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd. v Batty, 1986). Further in the case of Watteau v. Fenwick (Watteau v. Fenwick, 1893) it was opined by the court that the doctrine of principal and agent shall apply once it has been established that the principal is the defendant. The liability of all the acts of the agent shall be with the principal. For a transaction which has been entered into by the partner of the firm, there may exist a liability on the firm for such transaction even though the transaction has not been entered into by the firm. The case is so when the transaction which has been entered into by the firm is usually in the same industry (Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Garrod, 1962). Although, in the case of Goldberg v Jenkins (1889) 15 VLR 36 (Goldberg v Jenkins, 1889) it was opined that in the situation wherein the transaction made is beyond the usual way of the firm then in that case the firm cannot be bound to such transaction Application of Law There is a contract of sale and purchase that had been entered between Mary and Smith for surveying supplies and mini oil driller. The contract for the sale and purchase of surveying would be binding on the partners Jones and Peter as well as the firm and it is required that the amount which is due to Tom should be paid to him. The transaction between Mary and Smith was within the ordinary course of the firms business which was that of surveying and further there was no reason that Mary had to believe that there is no authority which Smith had to enter into the contract of sale and also he had been purchasing such equipments from her regularly. The doctrine of agent and principal shall apply in the given situation and the firm along with the remaining would be liable to make the payment to Mary. Though, there were limitations to the manner in which Smith could act as the partner of the firm however as opined in the case of Watteau v. Fenwick that notwithstanding the limitations that may exist between the principal and the agent the principal would still be liable for the acts of the agent. Further in the case of National Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd. v Batty that even if one of the partners is acted in a manner which is not within his authority there will still be a liability on the other partners of the firm. The legal position of Mary is therefore strong in the given situation. However, with respect to the contract of sale and purchase for the oil mini drillers this was not in the due course of business as opined in the case of Goldberg v Jenkins (1889) 15 VLR 36 (Goldberg v Jenkins, 1889) it was opined that in the situation wherein the transaction made is beyond the usual way of the firm then in that case the firm cannot be bound to such transaction. Thus legal position of Mary is not very strong in this case. Further this transaction does not fulfill one of the four requirements that is it should be within the scope of the businesss transaction. Conclusion It can be conclusively stated that though an action can be bought by Mary in both the purchases for payment by the partnership however, her position is stronger with respect to purchase of surveying supplies as opposed to mini oil drillers. Bibliography Listing Statutes Partnership Act (Cth.) 1892 Case Law Ffrench v Sestili, 98 SASR 28 (2007). Llyod v Grace Smith, UKHL 1 (1912). New South Wales v Lepore, HCA 4 40 (2003). Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd, 1 KB 762 (1924). Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd, 93 CLR 561 (1955) Books, Journals and Website Adams, M. (2015). Business organisations law guidebook. Oxford University Press. Burnett, J. (2007) Avoiding Difficult Questions: Vicarious Liability and Independent Contractors in Sweeney v Boylan Nominees Sydney Law Review, 1(29). Difference between employees and contractors. (2017). Ato.gov.au. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/business/employee-or-contractor/difference-between-employees-and-contractors/ Fletcher, K. (2007). The law of partnership in Australia. Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. Sole trader. (2017). Business.gov.au. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/business-structures-and-types/sole-trader Thomson, A. (2012) Vicarious Liability, Non-Delegable Duty and Child Sexual Abuse: IS THERE ANOTHER SOLUTION FOR SEXUAL ABUSE PLAINTIFFS IN AUSTRALIA AFTER THE MAGA DECISION IN THE UK? The Western Australian Jurist, 3(167).